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Ball and chain inactivation
In cellular neuroscience ball and chain inactivation is a model to explain the fast inactivation mechanism of voltage-gated ion channels. The process is also called hinged-lid inactivation or N-type inactivation. A voltage gated ion channel can be in three states: open, closed or inactivated. The inactive state is mainly achieved through fast inactivation, by which a channel transitions rapidly from an open to an inactivated state. The model proposes that the inactive state, which is stable and non-conducting, is caused by the physical blockage of the pore. The blockage is caused by a ball of amino acids attached to the main protein by a string of residues on the cytoplasmic side. The ball enters the open channel and binds to the hydrophobic inner vestibule at the center the channel. The blockage causes inactivation of the channel by stopping the flow of ions. This phenomenon has mainly been studied in potassium channels and in sodium channels, but many of the details remain unclear.
==Discovery and Evidence==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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